Female genital infections are usually spread through sexual contact, whether oral, anal or vaginal. The structure of the vagina makes women more susceptible to infection than men. Most cases are asymptomatic, causing treatment to be delayed.
If left untreated, it can lead to infertility and increase the risk of cervical cancer.
What Are Female Sexually Transmitted Diseases?
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections that are spread through sexual contact. They can be caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites and can affect the genitals, mouth, throat and other parts of the body.
If left untreated, sexually transmitted diseases can cause serious complications such as infertility, pelvic inflammatory disease and the risk of infection to the baby during birth.
Types of Female Sexually Transmitted Diseases
There are several types of sexually transmitted diseases that often occur in women:
1. Chlamydia
Caused by bacteriaChlamydia trachomatisThis disease often does not show early symptoms but can cause inflammation of the cervix and fallopian tubes which can lead to infertility if left untreated.
2. Gonorrhea
Also known as “chickpeas” and can cause infection of the cervix , uterus and fallopian tubes. If left untreated, it can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and fertility problems.
3. Syphilis
A serious disease that develops in several stages. In the early stages, it may only cause minor sores but can develop into an infection that attacks the nervous system and internal organs.
4. Genital Herpes
Caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), this disease causes sores or blisters on the genitals that can recur throughout life.
A virus that attacks the immune system and can lead to AIDS if left untreated. HIV can cause a weakened immune system that makes the body more vulnerable to other infections.
5. HPV (Human Papillomavirus)
A virus that can cause genital warts and increase the risk of cervical cancer. HPV can be prevented by vaccination.
6. Trichomoniasis
A parasitic infection that causes a frothy, foul-smelling vaginal discharge , as well as uncomfortable itching.
Causes of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Women
Female genital diseases usually occur due to:
- Unprotected sex with an infected partner.
- A partner who has a sexually transmitted infection but does not show symptoms.
- Multiple sexual partners without safe sex practices.
- Lack of awareness about sexual health and the importance of screening tests.
- Use of contaminated syringes, especially for those who use injection drugs.
- Mother infecting the baby during pregnancy or birth (for example, syphilis or HIV).
Symptoms of Female Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases can vary depending on the type of infection. Some of the common signs include:
- Unusual vaginal discharge (green, yellow or frothy) and foul smelling.
- Abnormal vaginal odor that persists even after washing.
- Itching, stinging or burning in the genital area.
- Painful sores, blisters or lumps around the genitals.
- Pain during urination or during sexual intercourse.
- Bleeding outside of menstruation or after sexual intercourse.
- Prolonged abdominal or pelvic pain without an obvious cause.
How to Treat Female Sexual Diseases
Treatment depends on the type of sexually transmitted disease you have:
Bacteria (Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Syphilis)
Treated with antibiotics. It is important to finish the entire dose prescribed by the doctor to ensure the infection is completely cured.
Viruses (Herpes, HIV, HPV)
There is no cure but it can be controlled with antiviral medication to reduce symptoms and prevent spread to others.
Parasites (Trichomoniasis)
Treated with antiparasitic medication such as metronidazole which helps to completely eradicate the infection.
It is important to seek immediate treatment to avoid complications such as infertility, pelvic inflammatory disease, and an increased risk of other infections.
Tips to Eliminate Sexually Transmitted Diseases
While medical treatment is the primary option, several steps can help speed recovery:
- Practice good personal hygiene, especially in intimate areas.
- Using condoms to prevent reinfection or spread to partners.
- Consume foods rich in vitamin C and zinc to strengthen the immune system.
- Avoid sexual intercourse until treatment is completely completed.
- Drink enough water to help the body get rid of toxins.
- Adopt a healthy lifestyle by avoiding alcohol and smoking which can weaken the immune system.
When Should You See a Doctor?
See a doctor immediately if you experience:
- Symptoms of a sexually transmitted disease that persist for more than a few days.
- Unusual, frothy or strong-smelling vaginal discharge.
- Sores, blisters or lumps in the genital area that do not heal within a few days.
- Fever, fatigue or body aches of unknown cause.
- Pain during intercourse or urination that gets worse.
- History of unprotected sex with a high-risk partner.
Female genital diseases can be prevented by practicing safe sexual intercourse , vaccinations such as HPV and regular health check-ups.
If you experience any symptoms, don’t wait too long to get appropriate treatment!
Republished with permission from theAsianParent Malaysia
