It seems just like yesterday your little one was celebrating his fourth birthday and now, at 4 years and 11 months old, he’s almost ready for kindergarten! As your 4-year-and-11-month-old child delights you with his cheekiness, growing independence and chatter every day, find out what other developments you can look forward to this month.
Do note that these are only general guidelines as every child develops at their own pace. If you are concerned about your little one’s growth or have any questions about his or her development, please consult your doctor.
Your 4-year-and-11-month-old child is now getting ready to explore the world. | Source: Max Pixel
4-Year-and-11-Month-Old Child Development and Milestones: Is Your Child on Track?
Physical Development
Your 4-year-and-11-month-old child is no longer a clumsy little toddler and is now much more coordinated and precise in his movements.
At this stage, he would have lost most of his baby fat, gaining more muscle.
His gross motor skills and fine motor skills are developing at a rapid rate. Your child can now hop, skip, run and jump easily and can even do two actions together – like running and jumping over something.
At this point, your child is able to do the following:
- Balance on one foot for a few seconds
- Know his left from his right
- Manipulate “tricky” actions, like opening/ closing the cap of a water bottle
- Get undressed without parents’ assistance
- Go to the toilet without extra help
- Correctly hold and use a pair of kid-friendly scissors
- Hold a pencil using a three-finger grasp
Even though your 4 years 11 months old is probably fully potty trained, sometimes he may still wet the bed. His muscles and bladder control is still developing so don’t worry too much about bed wetting.
At this stage, your child’s median height and weight* should be as follows:
- Boys
– Height: 108.6 cm (42.8 inches)
– Weight: 18.2 kg (40.1lb)
- Girls
– Height: 107.4 cm (42.3 inches)
– Weight: 17.8 kg (39.3lb)
Tips:
- Give your child more time to explore and play outdoors. Let him run and get his energy out as he continually learns to develop coordination.
- Take him to the playground to let him learn how to use new equipment.
- Extra activities like swimming, karate, ballet or music can help fine-tune those muscles and coordination, and teach useful new skills.
- Teach him table manners and learn how to use kitchen utensils properly.
- Get him to help out in simple house chores – i.e folding the laundry, setting up the table, washing the dishes. This teaches responsibility and also hones fine motor skills.
When to Talk to Your Doctor
If you notice your child isn’t displaying some skills as above, take him to the doctor for further assessment. Some signs to look out for are:
- Being clumsy – trips over often when walking or running
- Unable to write even a few alphabets or draw basic shapes
- Difficulty in undressing himself
Cognitive Development
He may be in kindergarten already, or is going to in the next month. As you 4 years 11 months old child absorbs and learns new information, his cognitive development is racing ahead. Some of the milestones you can observe from your little one include:
- Counting up to 10 or more
- Being able to draw people with body parts
- Naming household objects that are used daily
- Naming at least four colours correctly
- Writing some letters and numbers
- Has a better understanding on the concepts of time and money
Tips:
- Encourage your child to draw. It stimulates his creativity and imagination and develops his fine motor skills.
- Make DIY projects together but let your child lead the way.
- Read with him. Reading together, telling stories and singing songs all encourage your child’s cognitive and language development.
When to Talk to Your Doctor
- When he doesn’t play pretend – i.e pretend to be a dad or robot/superhero
- If he doesn’t understand two part commands – i.e take the book, and put it into the box
Social and Emotional Development
Your child is starting to make new friends and form relationships with non-family (other kids and teachers). He is probably quite the social butterfly and wants to please others and make them happy.
By now, your child is aware of the different genders and of the different body parts as well. Your 4-year-and-11-month-old child will show great independence and is able to distinguish between make-believe and reality.
Even though he seems like a “big kid”, he might still experience tantrums, meltdowns and also some emotional extremes. Don’t be alarmed if you find your child telling “lies” (i.e., she said she didn’t do it, but she did), as this is a very normal part of his development at this age.
Tips:
- Teach your child ways to manage hard feelings, like anger and frustration.
- Help your child to learn to share, diffuse misunderstandings among friends and learn to give and take.
- Give your child your full attention when he’s talking to you. Show him that you are present and are listening. Ask him about what he likes and dislikes. Help him express himself better.
- Encourage your child to play, dance, sing! Be silly and laugh about things that are funny.
When to Talk to Your Doctor
- If your child is often unhappy or angry all the time
- Shows no interest in playing with other kids
- Doesn’t express emotions or respond to people
Your child will still experience tantrums and meltdowns off and on. | Source: Max Pixel
Speech and Language Development
This is the best age to sit down and have a great chat with your child. You will be open to a world full of fun and imagination! By 4 years and 11 months old, your child is able to express himself through words.
He is able to speak well and be understood by adults and can understand more complex instructions. He can recall part of a story and tell longer stories. Not only is he a chatterbox, but he can tell you what he wants, use future tenses and also understand positional vocabulary – i.e., beside, on top of, underneath.
Your child can also:
- Say his full name and address
- Speak sentences with up to nine words
- Speak clearly so that he is understood (mostly) by a stranger
- Recount complex happenings that either took place in his day, or in a story
- Mostly use tenses correctly
Tips:
- Keep reading to your child. His vocabulary will continue to expand and prepare him for school.
- Make time for imaginative and creative play like painting, drawing and making music.
- Have conversations with your child and ask him about his day and what he experienced in school, at the park, etc.
When to Talk to Your Doctor
- When your child is unable to say his full name
- Doesn’t use plurals when speaking
- Doesn’t talk about his daily activities and experiences
There’s plenty of expressions and conversations you could have with your child. | Source: Max Pixel
Health and Nutrition
Within this year, your 4-year-and-11-month-old child will grow two to three inches taller and gain two to three kilograms in weight too.
Children at this age are usually quite picky about their food. Do your best to incorporate a balanced diet so that he gets all the nutrients he needs.Typically, the calorie intake for boys and girls of this age are as follows:
- Boys: 1,652 Kcal/day
- Girls: 1,550 Kcal/day
For portion sizes, here are some suggested guidelines to follow:
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Food type
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Recommended portion size
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Grains (6 small servings daily)
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½ slice of bread
⅓ cup of cooked rice/pasta
½ cup dry cereal
3-4 crackers
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Fats (3-4 servings daily)
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1 teaspoon of butter/oil
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Fruits and vegetables (4-6 servings daily)
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½ – 1 small fruit
⅓ cup 100% fresh juice
¼ cup cooked vegetables
½ cup salad
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Meat (2 servings daily)
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30g meat (fish, chicken, tofu)
1 egg
⅓ cup of peas and beans
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Milk (2-3 servings daily)
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½ cup of milk
½ cup yoghurt
30g of cheese
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Vaccinations and Common Illnesses
At 4 years and 11 months, most of your child’s vaccinations have already been covered. Make sure that these vaccinations are completed before he turns five. Check with your doctor for more information.
- Diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough (pertussis) (DTaP) (5th dose)
- Polio (IPV) (4th dose)
- Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) (2nd dose)
- Chickenpox (varicella) (2nd dose)
- Influenza (Flu) (every year)
As for other illness, expect common colds and the flu as your child will be exposed to viruses at preschool as he builds a stronger immune system.
Treating Common Illnesses
Out of the commons illnesses that might be caught by your child, the most common would the cold, fever and cough. Let us see how you could easily manage these at home.
It is advisable that over the counter medication is avoid unless otherwise extremely necessary for common colds. Colds are usually caused by viruses therefore antibiotics do not work for a common cold. However, if the cold is progressed to a fever with aches and pains, it is best that you seek medical attention.
Give your child plenty of fluids if your child has fever over 38°C (100.4°F) and ensure he/she gets plenty of rest. You could also put a damp cloth folded on forehead, armpits and groin areas to help bring down the temperature. However, if the temperature of your child rises above 38°C (100.4°F), you should take him/her to the doctor and follow medical advice to manage the health of your child.
Cough is quite common among children. it can however, be irritating if followed by runny nose and sneezing. It is best that you first first try home remedies such as ginger and honey mixed in lukewarm water. You can also ask your child to drink a minimum of eight glasses of water a day to help ease the discomfort. If the cough does not ease in three to five days, you need to get medical advise.
It is important to note that while some medications can be bought without prescriptions, it is best if the first treatment offered to your child for mild health issues should be simple home remedies. Give plenty of warm fluids to a child with a cold and cough. You can help your child gargle with warm salt water for a sore throat.
When to Talk to Your Doctor
- If your child is underweight or overweight
- If your child is an extremely fussy eater
Previous month: 4 years and 10 months
Next month: 5 years
References: WebMD, Healthy Children
(*Disclaimer: This is the median height and weight according to WHO standards.)
