Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a leading cause of respiratory infections in young children and infants, especially in the first few years of life. To help parents better understand RSV infection, Dr. Mohana Rajukulendran, Pediatrician at Petite Practice, shares her expert insights.
Dr. Mohana Rajukulendran | Image from Petite Practice
“RSV infection can start off mild, but it has the potential to worsen quickly,” she explains. “Being able to identify symptoms early and know when to seek medical help can make a significant difference.” Below, Dr. Mohana answers some of the most common RSV questions to help parents feel more prepared and confident.
1. What are the most common symptoms of RSV?
“Initially, RSV symptoms can look like a common cold,” says Dr. Mohana. She advises parents to look for early signs like fever, nasal congestion, and a runny or blocked nose. However, RSV infection can progress, and parents should be on alert for:
- A chesty cough and increased mucus.
- Serious symptoms include “wheezing, difficulty breathing, reduced appetite, and lethargy.
Dr. Mohana recommends parents monitor these symptoms closely. If they worsen or don’t improve, it’s best to consult a doctor, as RSV infection can escalate to bronchiolitis or pneumonia.
2. How common is RSV in Singapore among young children?
RSV infection is quite prevalent in Singapore, particularly among infants. Dr. Mohana notes that a local study found around 10.9% of infants and children under two with acute respiratory illness had RSV.
Moreover, she explains, “RSV accounts for close to 50% of hospital admissions for bronchiolitis and pneumonia in babies under six months.” With this high rate of infection, parents need to stay informed about RSV symptoms and potential risks.
3. At what age are children most at risk for RSV?
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“Infants under six months are especially vulnerable,” says Dr. Mohana, as about 80% of RSV hospitalisations in Singapore involve babies in this age range. “Infants’ immune systems are still developing, which makes them more likely to experience severe symptoms,” she explains. Children under two are also at risk due to their smaller airways, which can make breathing difficult if they contract RSV infection.
4. Is RSV more common at certain times of the year in Singapore?
In Singapore, RSV cases occur throughout the year, unlike countries with winter RSV peaks. However, Dr. Mohana notes that “there is an increase in cases from May to September.” Parents should maintain consistent preventive measures during these months, even though RSV infection doesn’t follow a strict seasonal pattern here.
5. Are there any vaccines or treatments available for RSV?
Yes, there are currently two approved RSV vaccines in Singapore. Dr. Mohana mentions, “One of these, called Abrysvo, provides dual protection for both older adults and infants.” Pregnant women can receive the vaccine between weeks 32 and 36 to protect their newborns during the first six months of life.
Additionally, Dr. Mohana points out that an RSV-specific monoclonal antibody called palivizumab is available for high-risk infants. This antibody is given monthly to infants with conditions like premature birth or respiratory issues to reduce RSV infection risk.
6. What hygiene practices can families follow to prevent RSV?
To minimise RSV spread, Dr. Mohana advises parents to follow these simple hygiene measures:
- Frequent hand washing and sanitising.
- Wearing a mask at home if someone is unwell.
- Avoiding close contact with babies and young children when you’re sick.
She also recommends that parents keep sick children home from daycare or school and avoid taking younger children to crowded places where RSV infection and other viruses spread easily.
7. Is there anything else about RSV that parents should know?
One often-overlooked aspect of RSV is that the cough can last up to three or four weeks. She also warns that some children may develop a secondary bacterial infection which can bring on new or worsened fevers requiring antibiotics. Dr. Mohana encourages parents to stay alert for any new symptoms, especially after the first week, to ensure that their child’s condition is improving.
8. Are Singapore hospitals equipped to handle severe RSV cases?
Yes, Singaporean hospitals are prepared to handle RSV cases that become severe. Dr. Mohana explains that severe RSV infection can cause breathing difficulties, sometimes requiring extra oxygen or even mechanical breathing support. In severe cases, infants may need non-invasive oxygen support or intensive care, which is available in Singaporean hospitals equipped to provide respiratory assistance as needed.
9. Can RSV cause long-term issues in children?
“Studies have shown that infants who contract RSV early may be at higher risk of wheezing or asthma later in life,” says Dr. Mohana. She also notes that children with certain risk factors, such as premature birth or congenital heart issues, face a higher chance of severe RSV outcomes. For these children, she recommends that parents consult their doctor to discuss prevention and treatment options.
Protect Your Child from RSV
Dr. Mohana Rajukulendran’s advice offers clarity for parents navigating RSV risks. “Understanding RSV and recognising symptoms early are important steps for parents,” she says. By following hygiene practices, being alert to symptoms, and seeking timely medical care, parents can help reduce the impact of RSV infection on their children.
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