Brain development results from a complex interplay between genetics and environment. Dr. Lee LJ, Chief Scientific Officer at Nutrigene, answers parents’ pressing questions about the role of genetics in brain development and intelligence, while offering actionable advice to support children’s cognitive growth. You can see full conversations in this thread.
Q: Is intelligence determined by genetics?
Dr. Lee LJ: Intelligence is challenging to measure because it can be defined and measured in many ways. Like most aspects of human behaviour and cognition, intelligence is a complex trait that is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Researchers have previously shown that a person’s IQ is highly influenced by genetic factors, and have even identified certain genes that play a role.
Q: What really affects a baby’s intelligence—genes or nutrition?
Dr. Lee LJ: Both! Genetics account for 50–80% of intelligence, but nutrition also plays a significant role. Studies show that children who eat healthy diets score higher on IQ tests by age 8. Proper nutrition complements genetic potential, making both factors equally important.
Q: How does genetics affect early brain development?
Dr. Lee LJ: The first stages of brain development are strongly affected by genetics. However, genes do not design the brain completely. When and how genes are expressed is influenced by environmental inputs, such as maternal nutrition and stress during pregnancy. This gene-environment interaction fine-tunes brain wiring, helping children adapt to their surroundings.
Q: Does the genetic influence on intelligence increase with age?
Dr. Lee LJ: Yes, the genetic influence on intelligence grows over time. It starts at about 20% in infancy, increases to 60% in adulthood, and may peak at 80% in later life before declining slightly after age 80.
Q: Is intelligence associated with parent and sibling intelligence and disorders?
Dr. Lee LJ: Yes, there is strong evidence of a genetically determined component to intelligence. However, other factors such as education, socioeconomic status, culture, diet, and even birth order among siblings also significantly influence cognitive ability. Genetics may set the foundation, but the environment shapes how intelligence develops.
Q: If my husband and I weren’t book smart, does that mean my child would be the same? How can we help him develop a love for learning?
Dr. Lee LJ: Not at all! Genetics is only one part of the equation. You can cultivate a love for learning by engaging with your child through conversation, play, and activities that match their interests. Turn-taking during play and encouraging curiosity are excellent ways to foster cognitive growth.
Q: Does slow brain development always indicate a genetic disorder?
Dr. Lee LJ: Not necessarily. While genetics can contribute to developmental delays, factors such as poor nutrition, lack of stimulation, or exposure to toxins can also play a role. A proper diagnosis is essential to determine the underlying cause and provide appropriate support.
Q: Is autism a genetic disorder?
Dr. Lee LJ: Genetic factors contribute 40–80% to the risk of autism spectrum disorder. Environmental factors like parental age and birth complications also play a role. Autism is a complex condition influenced by both genetics and environment.
Q: If my husband has ADHD, will our kids inherit it?
Dr. Lee LJ: ADHD is highly heritable, with about one-third of fathers with ADHD passing it on to their children. However, environmental factors and supportive parenting strategies can help manage symptoms and enable children to thrive.
About Dr. Lee LJ
Dr. Lee LJ is the Chief Scientific Officer at Nutrigene, specializing in developmental neuroscience and personalized nutrition. With expertise in the interplay of genetics and environment, Dr. Lee provides parents with evidence-based strategies to support their children’s brain development and cognitive growth.
Final Thoughts
While genetics lay the foundation for brain development and intelligence, nurturing environments, proper nutrition, and early intervention are equally critical in shaping a child’s potential. Understanding this balance empowers parents to create an environment where their children can thrive.
For more expert advice on parenting and child development, visit sg.theasianparent.com.
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