Ovarian cancer remains one of the most challenging cancers to detect early, often diagnosed at advanced stages. However, new research from the University of South Australia suggests that the contraceptive pill may help reduce the risk of ovarian cancer, offering a potential strategy for prevention.
Contraceptive Pill and Reduced Risk of Ovarian Cancer
A study conducted by UniSA researchers found that women who had ever used the oral contraceptive pill had a 26% lower risk of developing ovarian cancer. The protective effect was even more pronounced in women who used the pill after the age of 45, with a 43% reduction in risk.
According to UniSA researcher Dr. Amanda Lumsden, “In this research, we found that women who had used the oral contraceptive pill had a lower risk of ovarian cancer. And those who had last used the Pill in their mid-40s had an even lower level of risk.”
Researchers also identified key biomarkers linked to ovarian cancer risk, including red blood cell characteristics and certain liver enzymes. Additionally, lower body weight and shorter stature were associated with a reduced risk of developing the disease.
Childbirth and Ovarian Cancer Risk
The study highlighted another significant factor: women who had given birth to two or more children had a 39% lower risk of developing ovarian cancer compared to those who had never had children.
The Urgent Need for Early Detection
Ahead of World Cancer Day on February 4, these findings emphasize the importance of early detection. In Australia, ovarian cancer ranks as the tenth most common cancer in women and the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths.
In 2023 alone, 1,786 Australian women were diagnosed with ovarian cancer, and 1,050 lost their lives to the disease. Late-stage diagnosis remains a significant challenge, with 70% of cases detected only when the cancer is already advanced. As a result, the survival rate is less than 30% over five years, compared to over 90% for early-stage diagnoses.
Dr. Lumsden explains, “Ovarian cancer is notoriously diagnosed at a late stage, with about 70% of cases only identified when they are significantly advanced. Late detection contributes to a survival rate of less than 30% over five years, in comparison to more than 90% for ovarian cancers that are caught early. That’s why it’s so important to identify risk factors.”
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Identifying Risk Factors
To uncover these insights, UniSA researchers utilized artificial intelligence (AI) to analyze health data from 221,732 women aged 37-73 from the UK Biobank. By evaluating nearly 3,000 characteristics, including health history, medication use, lifestyle factors, and metabolic markers, AI identified previously undetected risk factors for ovarian cancer.
UniSA’s machine learning specialist, Dr. Iqbal Madakkatel, emphasized how AI has the potential to revolutionize early detection.
“We included information from almost 3,000 diverse characteristics related to health, medication use, diet and lifestyle, physical measures, metabolic, and hormonal factors, each measured at the start of the study.”
He further added, “It was particularly interesting that some blood measures – which were measured on average 12.6 years before diagnoses – were predictive of ovarian cancer risk because it suggests we may be able to develop tests to identify women at risk at a very early stage.”
Future Implications for Ovarian Cancer Prevention
Project lead, Professor Elina Hyppönen, stressed that understanding ovarian cancer risk factors can pave the way for improved survival rates through targeted prevention.
“It is exciting that our data-driven analyses have uncovered key risk factors for ovarian cancer that can be acted upon.”
She also noted, “It is possible that by using the contraceptive pill to reduce ovulations or by reducing harmful adiposity, we may be able to lower the risk of ovarian cancer. But more research is needed to establish the best approaches to prevention, as well as the ways in which we can identify women most at risk.”
What This Means for Women’s Health
These findings offer hope for reducing ovarian cancer cases through hormonal interventions like the contraceptive pill. They also highlight the potential of AI-driven research in uncovering new strategies for prevention and early diagnosis. As awareness grows, women can make more informed decisions about their reproductive health, potentially lowering their risk of ovarian cancer in the long run.
