Weight loss medications have gained popularity, taking the world by storm largely thanks to the endorsement of global celebrities such as Oprah and Elon Musk. Drugs such as Wegovy, Ozempic, and Saxenda have quickly become household names. But what exactly are these weight loss medications, and are they right for everyone?
This article will help break down the essentials of these new medications and explain why taking a holistic approach to weight loss is still key to long-term success.
What are GLP-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1 RAs)?
GLP-1 receptor agonists are a class of medications originally designed to manage type 2 diabetes. These drugs mimic the action of a natural hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which helps regulate insulin and blood sugar levels. However, GLP-1 RAs have an additional benefit: they can promote weight loss by reducing appetite and slowing digestion, making them effective tools for managing both diabetes and obesity.
What’s the difference between Saxenda, Wegovy, and Ozempic?
While Saxenda, Wegovy, and Ozempic all belong to the GLP-1 RA family, they differ in their formulations and specific uses.
- Saxenda (liraglutide) was one of the first GLP-1 RAs approved specifically for weight loss. Larger-scale studies have confirmed the efficacy of liraglutide in inducing weight loss. Saxenda is administered daily and is prescribed to individuals with obesity or those who are overweight with at least one weight-related condition like high blood pressure or high cholesterol.
- Wegovy (semaglutide) is a newer medication also approved for weight loss. It’s given as a weekly injection and is often prescribed to individuals with obesity or who are overweight with health complications.
- Ozempic (semaglutide), was approved for use in treating diabetes. Like Wegovy, it comes in a pre-filled “pen” that’s used for self-injection of the medication.
How do these drugs work and how effective are they?
GLP-1 RA medications aid in weight loss primarily by suppressing appetite and promoting a feeling of fullness by:
- Boosting the “sugar-lowering” hormone. After you eat, these medications ramp up the hormone that helps bring your blood sugar down to healthier levels.
- Cutting back on the “fasting sugar” hormone. They also lower the hormone that raises your blood sugar when you’re fasting, keeping your levels steady.
- Slowing down digestion. By making your stomach empty more slowly, they help you feel fuller longer, eat less, and prevent rapid spikes in blood sugar.
- Tames cravings. They also impact the brain’s reward system, dialing down hunger and cravings so you feel more in control of your appetite.
The combination makes it easier for individuals to consume fewer calories, leading to weight loss.
Studies have shown that these drugs can be highly effective for weight loss, particularly when combined with diet and lifestyle changes. For example, Wegovy users in clinical trials lost an average of 5% to 20% of their body weight over 68 weeks. Saxenda has also shown significant weight loss results. Nearly two-thirds of patients lost at least 5% of their body weight, and nearly one-third lost at least 10%.
Are these medications available for weight loss?
In many countries, medications like Saxenda and Wegovy are approved for weight loss in individuals with obesity or those who are overweight with weight-related health issues. However, they are prescription-only and should be used under the guidance of a healthcare provider.
In Singapore, Saxenda (liraglutide) was the only approved medication for weight loss until recently. Now, Wegovy (a form of semaglutide) has also been approved as a new option for weight loss.
Are these medications safe and what are the side effects?
While GLP-1 RAs are generally considered safe, they do come with potential side effects. The most common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation. These symptoms often lessen as the body adjusts to the medication but can be uncomfortable for some users.
While these symptoms can be uncomfortable, they’re usually not dangerous. However, if you experience an allergic reaction, it’s important to contact your doctor right away, it’s rare but can be serious.
If you notice any side effects, talk to your doctor about adjusting your treatment plan. In many cases, simple lifestyle changes can help manage them. Sometimes, starting with a lower dose and gradually increasing it allows your body to adapt, making side effects less likely.
Why You Should Have a Holistic Approach to Weight Loss
While GLP-1 RAs can be powerful tools in the fight against obesity, they are not a magic bullet. Sustainable weight loss requires a comprehensive approach that includes a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and behavior modifications.
It’s also important to note that many individuals regain weight once they stop taking these medications. Building healthy habits, which include mindful eating, regular exercise, and emotional well-being, helps maintain long-term success.
Working with a healthcare team can ensure you’re taking a balanced approach that suits your overall health goals.