Singapore, known for its impeccable infrastructure, booming economy, and multicultural society, faces a new challenge as its total fertility rate (TFR) drops below 1 for the first time in its history. This alarming trend, disclosed by Minister in the Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) Indranee Rajah during a parliamentary session on Feb 28, underscores the pressing issue of an ageing population and its associated demographic challenges.
The Decline in Fertility Rates
Preliminary estimates indicate a resident TFR of 0.97 in 2023, a significant decline from 1.04 in 2022 and 1.12 in 2021. The reasons behind this decline are multifaceted. Minister Indranee pointed out that the COVID-19 pandemic played a significant role in disrupting couples’ marriage and family plans. Moreover, there seems to be a generational shift in priorities, with young people increasingly prioritising career and personal development over starting families.
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Implications for Singapore’s Future
The repercussions of this declining fertility rate are far-reaching. With a TFR below the replacement rate of 2.1, Singapore faces the risk of a shrinking workforce, economic slowdown, and challenges in maintaining its dynamism on the global stage. Minister Indranee highlighted parallels with other nations like South Korea and Italy, where low birth rates have contributed to economic stagnation and demographic imbalances.
Government Measures and Initiatives
In response to these challenges, the Singaporean government has implemented various measures to support marriage and parenthood. These include increasing paternity leave, allowing elective egg freezing for non-medical reasons, and exploring ways to enhance paid parental leave. Additionally, efforts are being made to streamline immigration policies to meet the nation’s future population needs while maintaining a measured and stable pace of immigration.
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Encouraging Signs Amidst the Decline
Despite the downward trend in fertility rates, there are still signs of optimism. Minister Indranee noted that young Singaporeans continue to aspire to settle down and start families. In 2023, there were 26,500 resident marriages and 30,500 resident births, indicating a desire for family life among the populace. However, the challenge lies in translating these aspirations into tangible demographic growth.
Looking Ahead
As Singapore grapples with the complexities of an ageing population and declining fertility rates, it becomes imperative to adopt holistic strategies that address both short-term challenges and long-term sustainability. Encouraging a supportive environment for families, enhancing work-life balance, and investing in education and healthcare are essential steps in fostering a vibrant and resilient society.
The record-low fertility rate in Singapore serves as a wake-up call, signalling the need for proactive measures to address demographic challenges. While the road ahead may be challenging, Singapore has demonstrated resilience and adaptability in the face of adversity. By harnessing the collective efforts of government, businesses, and communities, Singapore can navigate these demographic shifts and emerge stronger than ever before.