Pregnancy is an exciting and transformative time, but it can also bring new challenges to your health. While many symptoms are simply part of a normal pregnancy, some may indicate a more serious condition. Knowing what to look out for can help you take quick action when needed. Here are some common pregnancy-related illnesses and their symptoms that every mom-to-be should be aware of.
1. Gestational Diabetes
Gestational diabetes occurs when a pregnant woman’s body is unable to produce enough insulin, leading to high blood sugar levels. It usually develops in the second half of pregnancy and can be managed with proper care.
Symptoms:
- Increased thirst
- Frequent urination
- Fatigue
- Blurred vision
Tip: Gestational diabetes is often diagnosed through routine screening. Regular prenatal checkups are essential for early detection.
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2. Preeclampsia
Preeclampsia is a condition characterised by high blood pressure and damage to organs, often the liver and kidneys. It typically occurs after the 20th week of pregnancy and can pose serious health risks for both mother and baby.
Symptoms:
- Severe headaches
- Swelling in the hands, face, or feet
- Sudden weight gain
- Vision changes (blurred vision, sensitivity to light)
- Pain in the upper abdomen, especially on the right side
Tip: Early diagnosis is crucial. If you experience any of these symptoms, contact your healthcare provider immediately.
3. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
UTIs are common during pregnancy due to changes in the urinary tract, which make it easier for bacteria to grow. If left untreated, a UTI can lead to more serious kidney infections.
Symptoms:
- Burning sensation when urinating
- Frequent urge to urinate, even if only a small amount comes out
- Cloudy, dark, or strong-smelling urine
- Lower abdominal pain or discomfort
Tip: Drink plenty of water and maintain good hygiene to help prevent UTIs. If you notice any symptoms, see your doctor for a urine test.
4. Hyperemesis Gravidarum (Severe Morning Sickness)
While morning sickness is common in early pregnancy, hyperemesis gravidarum is an extreme form that can lead to dehydration and weight loss.
Symptoms:
- Severe nausea and vomiting, often leading to dehydration
- Inability to keep food or fluids down
- Rapid weight loss
Tip: If your nausea is severe and persistent, seek medical advice. Treatments, including IV fluids and medications, may be necessary to manage symptoms.
5. Anaemia
Anaemia is common during pregnancy due to increased blood volume, which dilutes the concentration of red blood cells. It can make you feel extremely tired and weak.
Symptoms:
- Fatigue or weakness
- Dizziness
- Shortness of breath
- Pale skin
Tip: Regular prenatal checkups include tests for anaemia. Eating iron-rich foods (like leafy greens, lean meat, and fortified cereals) and taking prenatal vitamins can help prevent or treat anaemia.
6. Placenta Previa
Placenta previa occurs when the placenta covers part or all of the cervix, which can lead to bleeding and complications during delivery.
Symptoms:
- Painless vaginal bleeding in the second or third trimester
- Contractions or cramping in some cases
Tip: Placenta previa is often detected during an ultrasound. If diagnosed, your doctor will provide guidance on managing the condition and preparing for delivery, which may require a C-section.
7. Group B Streptococcus (GBS)
Group B strep is a type of bacteria that can be found in a pregnant woman’s vagina or rectum. While GBS doesn’t typically cause harm to the mother, it can be passed to the baby during childbirth, leading to serious infections.
Symptoms:
Most women with GBS have no symptoms, which is why routine screening is recommended between 35-37 weeks of pregnancy.
Tip: If you test positive for GBS, your doctor will likely administer antibiotics during labour to prevent transmission to your baby.
Be Informed, Stay Prepared
Pregnancy-related illnesses can be scary, but knowing the symptoms and seeking prompt medical advice can help protect both you and your baby. Regular prenatal checkups, a healthy diet, and staying attuned to your body are key to a healthy pregnancy. If you experience any unusual symptoms, don’t hesitate to contact your healthcare provider.
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Preventing Gestational Diabetes: Steps You Can Take Before and During Pregnancy