As a parent, seeing your child in discomfort can be heart-wrenching, especially when you’re unsure whether a rash is just a minor irritation or something more serious. Conditions like milk rash, baby acne, cradle cap, and diaper rash can all seem alike to an untrained eye. But when should you be concerned that it might be atopic dermatitis?
What Is Atopic Dermatitis?
Atopic dermatitis, often referred to as eczema, is a common skin condition that can cause significant discomfort for children. Atopic dermatitis typically presents as dry, itchy, and inflamed skin, and while it’s common in young children, it can persist into teenage years and even adulthood. As a parent, it’s essential to understand how to manage this condition effectively to improve your child’s quality of life.
Image from iStock
Atopic dermatitis is more than just a rash; it is a chronic condition where the skin becomes extremely dry, leading to irritation and inflammation. In Singapore, atopic dermatitis is one of the most common skin disorders, affecting an estimated 20% of children and 11% of adults.
Causes of Atopic Dermatitis
The exact cause remains unclear, but factors such as genetics, impaired skin barrier function, and environmental triggers play a role. Children with atopic dermatitis may also have other allergic conditions like asthma or hay fever, suggesting a link to the immune system. This condition is not contagious, so there’s no need to worry about it spreading to others.
Recognising the Symptoms
Understanding the symptoms of atopic dermatitis can help you identify the condition early and manage it effectively. Dr. Ker Khor Jia, a consultant dermatologist, highlights that symptoms can significantly impact your child’s daily life, extending beyond physical discomfort. These symptoms commonly include:
- Dry, cracked skin: This is one of the most noticeable symptoms. The skin may feel rough, tight, and appear scaly.
- Intense itching: Atopic dermatitis is often called “the itch that rashes” because the itching can be severe, especially at night, affecting sleep and daily activities.
- Rashes: These can appear anywhere on the body but are most common on the face, elbows, and behind the knees in children. The rash may be red and swollen, and in some cases, it can become thickened or darker due to continuous scratching.
- Bumps that ooze and crust over: In some cases, small raised bumps may appear, which can ooze fluid and then crust over. This is more common during flare-ups.
Understanding AD: What Your Child Can’t Tell You
For older children, atopic dermatitis can cause more than just physical discomfort. The visible signs of the condition, such as scaly, raw, or crusted scabs on the skin, can lead to embarrassment and social isolation. Children may fear being seen as contagious by peers or adults, which can contribute to a sense of loneliness and emotional distress. It’s important for parents to be aware of these emotional challenges and provide support.
How to Manage Atopic Dermatitis
Managing atopic dermatitis involves a combination of skincare routines, medical treatments, and avoiding triggers that can cause flare-ups. While there’s no cure, these strategies can help keep the condition under control and reduce its impact on your child’s life.
Moisturising Is Key
The most important step in managing atopic dermatitis is to keep your child’s skin well-moisturised. Moisturisers help to restore the skin’s natural barrier, which is often compromised in children with this condition.
It’s best to apply a thick moisturiser or ointment right after bathing when the skin is still damp. This helps lock in moisture and prevent the skin from drying out. Avoid lotions, as they contain more water and less oil, making them less effective for severely dry skin.
Seek Early Medical Advice
Dr. Ker emphasises the importance of seeking medical advice early. Delaying a diagnosis can lead to worsening symptoms and more frequent flare-ups.
Once diagnosed, your doctor can help develop a management plan that may include non-medicated therapies like emollients, medicated treatments such as topical corticosteroids, or newer treatments like biologic therapy. Biologic therapy, a steroid-free alternative, can reduce the severity of symptoms and is even approved for children as young as six months.
Avoid Common Triggers
Identifying and avoiding triggers is crucial in managing atopic dermatitis. Common triggers include allergens like dust mites, pet dander, and certain foods. Stress and changes in temperature can also lead to flare-ups. Dress your child in soft, breathable fabrics like cotton, and avoid wool or synthetic materials that can irritate the skin. Keeping your child cool and hydrated can also help prevent flare-ups.
Supporting Your Child
Living with atopic dermatitis can be challenging, especially for children. It’s important to provide emotional support and help your child manage the discomfort. Encourage them not to scratch, as this can worsen the condition and lead to infection. Keeping their nails short and using cool compresses can help soothe the skin. You might also consider stress-relief techniques, as stress can sometimes trigger flare-ups.
Takeaway
Atopic dermatitis is a common condition, but with the right care and management, your child can lead a comfortable and active life. Regular moisturising, avoiding triggers, and using prescribed medications can help manage the symptoms and reduce flare-ups. By understanding atopic dermatitis, you can take proactive steps to support your child and improve their quality of life. Remember, as a parent, you are your child’s greatest advocate, and working closely with your child’s doctor is key to helping them find relief and enjoy a better quality of life.
Updated by Matt Doctor
ALSO READ:
From Tears to Cheers: A Mother’s Journey with Her Baby’s Eczema