Adjustment disorders can be challenging for both children and their parents. When a child experiences a major life change, it’s natural for them to feel upset. However, when these feelings become overwhelming and start to interfere with daily life, it may be more than just a temporary phase—it could be an adjustment disorder.
What Are Adjustment Disorders?
Adjustment disorders occur when a child’s emotional or behavioural response to a significant life event is unusually strong. These reactions can make everyday activities difficult, affecting a child’s mood, behaviour, and overall well-being. The symptoms typically appear within three months of the stressful event and can last for up to six months.
Signs and Symptoms of Adjustment Disorders
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Children with adjustment disorders may suddenly behave differently or feel emotions that are out of character. These symptoms vary from one child to another, but they generally fall into one of six categories:
- With Depressed Mood: Feelings of intense sadness, frequent crying, and low energy.
- With Anxiety: Excessive worry, jitteriness, and sometimes physical symptoms like stomachaches.
- With Mixed Depressed Mood and Anxiety: A combination of both sadness and anxiety.
- With Disturbance of Conduct: Disruptive behaviours, such as anger or getting into fights.
- With Mixed Disturbance of Emotions and Conduct: A mix of emotional difficulties and behavioural issues.
- Unspecified: Reactions that don’t fit neatly into the other categories but still significantly impact the child’s life.
These symptoms can be confusing for both the child and their parents. It’s crucial to recognise that adjustment disorders are more than just a phase—they require attention and support.
What Triggers Adjustment Disorders?
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The triggers for adjustment disorders are as varied as the children who experience them. Common triggers include:
- Moving to a new home or school
- Parental divorce or remarriage
- The arrival of a new sibling
- Being diagnosed with a health condition or dealing with a family member’s diagnosis
- Social challenges, like losing a friend or dealing with peer pressure
It’s important to note that what might seem like a small change to an adult can feel overwhelming to a child. The key to identifying an adjustment disorder is noticing that the child’s reaction is more intense than what would typically be expected.
How Are Adjustment Disorders Treated?
While adjustment disorders can be distressing, the good news is that they are often temporary and respond well to treatment. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a common and effective approach. Through CBT, children learn to manage their emotions, cope with stress, and change negative thought patterns.
In some cases, if a child’s anxiety or depression is particularly intense, a doctor may prescribe a low dose of antidepressant medication. This can help the child feel more stable and better able to participate in therapy.
Supporting Your Child Through an Adjustment Disorder
As a parent, you play a vital role in your child’s recovery. It’s essential to take their feelings seriously, even if their reaction seems out of proportion to the situation. Offer reassurance and let them know that it’s okay to feel upset.
Encouraging open communication can be incredibly helpful. Make time to talk about what they’re going through, and listen without judgment. You can also help by modelling healthy coping strategies—when you manage your stress well, your child is more likely to do the same.
Takeaway
Adjustment disorders in children can be challenging, but with understanding and the right support, they can be managed effectively. By recognising the signs early and seeking appropriate treatment, you can help your child navigate through these tough times. Remember, it’s not just about getting through the difficult period—it’s about helping your child develop the skills they need to handle life’s challenges in the future.
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